Myxomatosis in rabbits is a viral infection that is caused by the myxoma virus. It is endemic in European rabbits but prefers the South American tapeti as its natural host.
The most concerning aspect of this disease is how highly virulent and lethal it is. It has a relatively high mortality rate, which used to be 90% but has now gone down to 50%.
Although myxomatosis is often seen in the wild rabbit population, domestic rabbits are not safe from this life-threatening health issue. Thus, bunny owners must be aware of the dangerous threat it poses to their pets.
What Are Signs of Myxomatosis in Rabbits?
Myxomatosis in rabbits is occasionally misdiagnosed as pasteurellosis (a bacterial infection that can sometimes be transferred to humans through scratches or bites, which is treatable with antibiotics). This is because both infections share the same symptoms, such as:
- Lethargy
- Sudden illness
- Conjunctivitis
- Loss of appetite
Other clinical signs of myxomatosis in rabbits to watch out for include:
- The face may become swollen.
- Ears and other body parts that are usually upright are starting to become droopy.
- Thick yellowish pus may come out from the nose.
- Swollen genitals and/or anal area.
What Causes of Myxomatosis in Rabbits?
Although this virus is usually spread by mosquitoes and fleas, other bloodsucking or biting insects such as lice, flies, and mites can also transmit it to rabbits. Other possible ways myxomatosis spreads in pet rabbits include:
- Transmission of the virus via air
- Direct rabbit-to-rabbit contact
- Indirect contact through food dishes and others.
How Is Myxomatosis in Rabbits Treated?
Currently, there is no exact treatment for myxomatosis in rabbits, but supportive care can be provided to ease the symptoms. Bunnies with this disease are given fluids, pain medication, and antibiotics, which will aid and prevent further infections.
For many domesticated rabbits, contracting myxomatosis is a death sentence due to their high receptivity to it. Hence, the vet would often recommend euthanasia. In rare instances, palliative care can help a healthy rabbit recover.
How to Prevent Myxomatosis in Rabbits
Whilst myxomatosis in rabbits is not 100% preventable, there are ways to reduce the likelihood of it afflicting your pet, such as:
Getting Your Rabbit Vaccinated
In the UK, you can get your rabbit vaccinated against myxomatosis. Although this method will not entirely put an end to the viral infection, it can reduce the potency of the virus. Vaccinated rabbits are more likely to recover from the infection.
Keeping Your Rabbit Away from Bloodsucking Insects and Parasites
Remember that various outdoor critters are responsible for causing myxomatosis in rabbits. Thus, we recommend keeping your pet bunny indoors to significantly reduce her exposure to these insects.
Using Flea Control
Insects will always find a way to get indoors, but they can be eliminated by using a flea control remedy such as selamectin, which is suitable for rabbits. Do consult your vet about this as you are going to need a prescription as some repellents can be dangerous to your rabbit’s health.
Avoiding Direct Contact Between Rabbits
When there is a myxomatosis outbreak, avoid attending shows, fairs, and other gatherings that involve rabbits interacting with other rabbits.
Quarantining Exposed and Sick Rabbits
Quarantine rabbits that were exposed to infected rabbits for at least fourteen days. Check to see if they are displaying signs of myxomatosis.
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FAQs About Myxomatosis in Rabbits
1. Are Rabbits With Myxomatosis in Pain?
Rabbits with myxomatosis suffer from excruciating pain. The disease often affects rabbits severely and deteriorates several organs, such as the lungs, liver, eyes, and reproductive system.
For this reason, many bunnies that contract this viral infection end up getting put to sleep, as advised by the veterinarian.
2. What Happens to Rabbits With Myxomatosis?
Lack of energy, inappetence, and conjunctivitis usually happen to rabbits with myxomatosis. Other symptoms that may occur are facial swelling, swollen genitals, and nasal discharge.
If your pet rabbit exhibits these clinical signs, take it to the vet right away for prompt treatment.
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3. How Long Is the Recovery Time for Myxomatosis in Rabbits?
The recovery time for myxomatosis in rabbits can take between three and five weeks. During this period, affected bunnies should receive palliative care. This involves keeping them warm, cleaning their bedding regularly, and routinely applying topical ointments to address skin lesions.
4. Can Myxomatosis in Rabbits Spread to Humans?
Myxomatosis in rabbits cannot spread to humans but is extremely contagious to other bunnies. Thus, strict quarantine must be carried out for rabbits that contract this disease to prevent it from spreading.
Conclusion
Myxomatosis in rabbits is not as extremely fatal as it used to be. However, this virulent disease remains life-threatening and a serious threat to pet bunnies.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for it up until now and many affected rabbits end up getting euthanised. The best way to combat myxomatosis in rabbits is to observe preventative measures.
There are many health threats surrounding rabbits. Know more about them to understand how you can protect your pet from these dangers.
